Drexel News Blog “No social movement has ever succeeded without the people involved being part of it,” Joel Berg, executive director of the New York City Coalition Against Hunger commented to the Philadelphia Inquirer this week. He was talking about the significance of Witnesses to … Continue reading Participation in Ending Poverty – from Those Who’ve Lived It
Drexel News Blog Are you reading the fine print? Skipping it could be a bad idea for your health, especially in Philadelphia and other areas where that fine print contains important information: The city’s chain restaurants are required to post information about calories, fat and … Continue reading 2,000 Calories Per Day are All You Need: A Closer Look at Restaurant Menu Labeling Research
Originally posted on DrexelNow.
Some people may not consider painting a picture a traditional component of health care. To take that notion further, some may not consider murals an important part of a healthy community. But, despite those expectations, dedicated groups of people across Philadelphia are coming together to help individuals be healthier and to make their communities stronger, through creating public art.
Nearly thirty patients at 11th Street Family Health Services of Drexel University (11th Street) and many more members of their community have become one of these inspiring groups. They have spent the last year together pointing their paintbrushes toward that vision at weekly sessions of the Porch Light Program.
On October 16 at 12:30 p.m., the community will gather at 11th Street to dedicate and celebrate their artwork entitled “A Healing Home.”
“A Healing Home” speaks to universal themes of health, home and nature. The artwork reflects the creativity and effort of community members, 11th Street staff and service recipients and artist Ben Volta.
Together over the course of a year, this group collaboratively envisioned, drew and painted this set of murals to be installed outside the neighborhood K-8 school, Spring Garden School, as well as new glass-etched drawings of medicinal plants on the windows of the 11th Street health center building.
“Creative arts therapies are behavioral health services that we’ve offered to patients at 11th Street for years, as part of our commitment to holistic, integrated care,” said Dr. Patricia Gerrity, a professor and associate dean of Drexel’s College of Nursing and Health Professions, who directs the center. “We chose to partner with the Mural Arts Porch Light Program last year because we also believe in what they are doing to connect art to community and public health.”
Photo by Lynn Johnson
Porch Light, a project of the City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program and Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services, situates art and human connection at the heart of recovery and healing in Philadelphia neighborhoods.
Drexel’s nurse-managed 11th Street health center became one of several health agencies around the city creating a unique piece of public art for its neighborhood through Porch Light in the 2012-13 service year. Lindsay M. Edwards, the director of creative arts therapies at 11th Street, worked with Porch Light staff as well as artist Volta to bring the collaborative art-making process to 11th Street patients.
“As I start drawing, I start setting myself free,” Porch Light participant Ethel Wells said of the experience during a Porch Light gallery exhibition in March. Wells, who did not have much prior interest in art and is quiet and reserved in a group, found relaxation and community by creating art together with the group of 11th Street patients at regular Porch Light sessions.
In addition to the regular weekly sessions for a core group of participants, more patients and community members from 11th Street contributed to the mural artwork during Open Studio days that occurred monthly at first, and up to three full days per week in the 11th Street community room as the murals neared completion.
Photo by Lynn Johnson
“This process cultivates relationships and connections not only among the individuals that are engaged, but also in the larger community. To install the completed artwork outside such an important landmark in the community, the Spring Garden School, is something we’re thrilled about,” said Sara Ansell, director of the Porch Light Program. “The point of the artwork created with Porch Light participants is to have it be experienced and understood by the larger community. We are so grateful to have the support of both Drexel University and the Philadelphia School District in helping us forge the connections between the individual community members who created the art and the broader public who will see it every day.”
Upon the dedication of the mural “A Healing Home,” patients at 11th Street will begin a second year of the Porch Light creative process for a new piece of collaborative, healing-focused public art.
– See more at: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/October/11th-Street-Dedicates-A-Healing-Home-Mural/
Originally posted on DrexelNow.
Two new treatment methods under investigation at Drexel University aim to help people reduce binge-eating behavior.
A smartphone app in development will track users’ individual patterns of eating and binge eating behavior and alert them at times when they are at risk for binge behaviors, among a comprehensive suite of other features.
Another treatment is a new, evidence-based approach to small-group behavioral therapy that will equip patients with psychological tools that may help them adhere to, and benefit from, standard treatments for binge eating disorder.
Binge eating disorder, characterized by periods of eating objectively large amounts of food, is “associated with a great deal of clinical distress,” said Dr. Evan Forman, an associate professor of psychology in Drexel’s College of Arts and Sciences, co-director, with Dr. Meghan Butryn, of the Laboratory for Innovations in Health-Related Behavior Change, where both studies are being conducted.
Binge eating disorder, only recently identified as an official diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was found to be about twice as common as bulimia nervosa in a large international survey published earlier this week.
People who engage in binge eating behavior may feel ashamed, out of control and isolated because they may not know others with the disorder, or even know they have a clinically recognized disorder.
The most scientifically supported treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), leads to remission for only between 50-60 percent of individuals who complete a full course of treatment.
“It could be improved,” Forman said. “These two studies are an attempt to improve treatments for binge eating.”
Among binge eaters, “there is a cycle of sorts – mounting pressure toward a binge episode, with certain triggers that make it more likely that a binge episode will occur,” Forman said. With cognitive behavioral therapy, a clinician helps patients recognize their personal triggers and learn to interrupt them.
Forman’s lab is developing the “TakeControl” mobile phone app to provide a similar help right in the patient’s pocket – and in real time, at the moment the trigger occurs.
In the app, users can record their binge-eating activity and urges, multiple mood states and whether or not they’ve eaten regular meals and taken their prescription medications. As the app learns about an individual’s patterns of binge-eating behavior and their individual triggers, it can prompt the person with a warning alert when their personal risk is high.
“It could be an emotion like rejection, loneliness, sadness or anxiety, or something external such as passing a certain convenience store, or a time of day or night,” said Forman, who is the principal investigator of the project.
When warned that they are at risk for a binge, or at any time of their own choosing, users can follow the app’s customized interventions to help them in the moment when they need it.
Users of the “TakeControl” app can choose how much and how little of their personal data to enter to help the app help them. The app also includes learning modules, optional personal goal-setting modules and optional social networking features to connect with others who share this often-isolating disorder.
“Using the data visualization modules, people can chart their behavior patterns over time,” said Stephanie Goldstein, a graduate student in Forman’s lab working on the project. “This shows people the progress they’ve made and reinforces it. Someone could also learn from the charts, for example, how their binges relate to their anxiety.”
Forman’s research team is developing the app on the Android platform in collaboration with the Applied Informatics Group in Drexel’s College of Computing and Informatics.
“Most users have their smartphone with them upwards of 20 hours a day, so a mobile app can be a very effective way to monitor behaviors that a physician wouldn’t automatically know about,” said Gaurav Naik, a co-investigator on the project from the AIG. “By combining AIG’s knowledge of engineering systems that can learn from data, and the clinical knowledge of our partners in psychology, we can develop an app that we hope can generate successful outcomes.”
The project was one of two winners selected in an internal university-wide competition under the auspices of a Shire Pharmaceuticals-Drexel University Innovation Partnership. In December 2013, each project will be considered by Shire for further expansion and commercialization. If funded, the group expects to also develop a version for iOS.
Future plans for the app include connections with other technologies for automatic personal data tracking, such as smart pill bottles, web-connected scales and activity bands, as well as existing popular diet and fitness-tracking apps.
Users of the app will also have the option to share their data with their therapist or other clinician, either automatically through a clinician’s portal, or by bringing their exported data to a therapy session.
“Standard treatment for binge eating disorder is largely behavioral – in that it tells people what to do,” said Dr. Adrienne Juarascio, a postdoctoral fellow in Forman’s lab who is the principal investigator of the in-person treatment study. “In CBT we ask people to adhere to uncomfortable treatment recommendations, such as eating every three to four hours even when they are concerned about weight gain. Or they might be asked to engage in alternative activities while they are having the urge to binge.
“It can be very difficult to complete these treatment recommendations, no matter how motivated people are.”
Juarascio is now coordinating an experimental treatment program for binge eating disorder that teaches patients psychological strategies to deal with the discomfort associated with traditional treatments.
The 10-session group therapy program integrates the gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy with another method, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and other third generation acceptance-based behavioral treatments, to help patients learn to tolerate and accept stressful experiences and distressing thoughts, without engaging in disordered behaviors.
“Different people find it uncomfortable for different reasons,” Forman said. “For example, if someone had binged the night before and thought, ‘There’s no way I’m eating breakfast after that,’ the ACT skills are designed to help the person recognize this feeling of being repulsed by food, and proceed to eat breakfast anyway because consistently eating regular meals is healthier in the long run.”
Juarascio previously piloted the approach, combining treatment-as-usual with ACT in the treatment of eating disorders more broadly, as part of her doctoral research at Drexel. In the July 2013 issue of the journal Behavior Modification, she, Forman and other colleagues reported that patients receiving the combined therapy had better outcomes at a six-month follow-up than did those receiving standard treatments.
– See more at: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/September/Binge-Eating-Smartphone-App-Therapy-Studies/
Originally posted on DrexelNow.
Dieters and weight loss researchers are familiar with the principle: The more weight you’ve lost, the harder it is to keep it off. A complex and vicious cycle of biological and behavioral factors make it so.
But eating disorder research has largely overlooked this influence, and Dr. Michael Lowe, a professor of psychology at Drexel University, has published a flurry of research studies showing that needs to change.
“The focus of eating disorder research has very much been on the state of patients’ thoughts, beliefs, emotions and personalities,” Lowe said. “And while these mental influences are undoubtedly part of the problem, historically there has been very little focus on how their current and past body weights contribute to their eating disorder.”
Lowe and colleagues’ studies – about a dozen on bulimia nervosa have been published in the past several years – show that having an elevated past body weight, and being at a body weight well below highest past weight, may help cause and perpetuate disordered eating. The latest of Lowe’s studies was just published in The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, the top journal for eating disorder research, and is the team’s first to address this principle in anorexia nervosa.
The findings, Lowe says, show that researchers and clinicians need to start taking into account how a person’s historical and current body weight contribute to disordered eating.
“This fundamentally changes the assumption that the problem is primarily psychological or emotional,” Lowe said.
The new study, led by doctoral student Laura A. Berner, was based on data collected at the Renfrew Center for eating disorders in Philadelphia, where Lowe is also a consultant. The researchers found that the level of eating disorder symptoms, as well as degree of improvement during treatment, depends on how much weight anorexic patients had lost from their previous highest weight (a measure called “weight suppression”), how much they currently weigh and the interaction between the two.
After controlling for patients’ body mass index (BMI, which is a known indicator of disease severity), they found that patients with greater weight suppression had more severe symptoms of anorexia than patients whose low weight was closer to their historical highest weight. Standard measures of disordered eating such as shape concerns, eating concerns, binge eating, depression and menstrual abnormalities were correlated with weight suppression, current BMI, or both.
Lowe said that researchers and clinicians who already use weight or BMI as an absolute measure of eating disorder severity should also consider weight suppression as a relative measure.
These findings also may have important implications for treatment.
“The standards for treating anorexia nervosa are all about ‘how much weight do they need to gain to meet a minimally healthy body weight for their height,’” Lowe said. “What we’ve rarely asked, is ‘what did this patient weigh before she developed anorexia?’”
Lowe said his ongoing research suggests that the answer is that many anorexic patients weighed more than their peers before developing anorexia.
“If the patient’s body somehow ‘remembers’ that past higher weight, then even at the minimally healthy body weight she is still going to be struggling mightily to maintain her weight,” Lowe said. “That perspective is new. It suggests that future treatments might work toward finding a healthier ‘balance point’ between what patients once weighed and what they currently weigh.”
“It is really helpful to have more than one way to look at weight in the eating disorders; we now have evidence that absolute weight and relative weight are both important in predicting difficulties in our work towards full recovery,” said Dr. Susan Ice, vice president and chief medical officer of The Renfrew Center. “And it is immensely satisfying to find that science has discovered that there is physical memory or a kind of ‘wisdom’ in the body.”
Lowe and his research team were recently funded by the National Institute of Mental Health to further investigate the role of these weight-related variables on bulimia nervosa. Individuals with symptoms of bulimia who are interested in participating in this federally funded study may call 215-553-7171 or email TEDS@drexel.edu for additional information.
Another research laboratory at Drexel, the Laboratory for Innovations in Health-Related Behavior Change, is recruiting participants who have experienced binge eating problems but do not engage in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or laxative use. One project is investigating a new smartphone app for binge eating and the other is evaluating an in-person treatment. Individuals who are interested in participating in these research studies may call 215-553-7100.
– See more at: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/September/Past-Weight-Loss-an-Overlooked-Factor-in-Eating-Disorders/
Drexel News Blog Sometimes comedy is all about the timing: The Yellow Fever epidemic that swept through Philadelphia in 1793 was absolutely not funny at the time when it left 5000 Philadelphians dead. “But more than 200 years later, we can laugh at the ridiculous … Continue reading How a Health Historian Became a Comedy Headliner
Originally posted on DrexelNow.
The USDA reported last week that more than one in five American children under the age of six lives in a household where caregivers may not have enough money to afford enough food for an active, healthy life. Later this month, the U.S. Census Bureau is due to release its latest reports on the nation’s poverty rate.
Such statistics about poverty and food insecurity are arresting, but all too often, they are hard to understand in the context of real people’s lives and communities.
In Camden, N.J. – a city often proclaimed one of America’s most impoverished and most dangerous – ten mothers and grandmothers want to show, through personal and powerful photographs, what these statistics really mean and what can be done about them.
Through their desire for social change, the women of Camden have opened a lens on hunger, homelessness, health and a broad swath of issues related to poverty. Their photos and interview-based testimony, collected as part of the “Witnesses to Hunger” project based at the Center for Hunger-Free Communities at Drexel University School of Public Health, will be on public display in Camden for the first time this month.
Gallery Eleven One (339 N. Front Street, Suite B, Camden, N.J.) will feature the free, public exhibit from Sept. 18 to 21. (Wednesday, 1:30-7 p.m.; Thursday and Friday, 5 to 9 p.m.; Saturday noon to 5 p.m.)
The public exhibit kicks off with a panel discussion about housing and hunger, at nearby Rutgers Camden on Wednesday, Sept. 18 at noon. Attendees may register at https://witnesseshousingpanel.eventbrite.com/.
Many of the Witnesses will be in attendance to discuss their photographs and their experiences at an opening reception at the gallery on Thursday, Sept. 19, from 5 to 9 p.m. Attendees may RSVP for the free reception at https://camdenwitnessesexhibit.eventbrite.com/.
By photographing their lives and families, Witnesses frame their own perspectives of what it will take to address poverty and hunger in their community and across the country. Camden’s Witnesses to Hunger photographs provide unique and searing insight on a wide range of topics from their every-day experiences—including food and hunger; housing and homelessness; experiences with the welfare system; employment and education; and violence and safety.
Camden’s ten Witnesses to Hunger began taking photos this January and debuted their photos in June at a private exhibit held at the world headquarters of the Campbell’s Soup Company.
“Witnesses to Hunger” was developed in 2008 by Dr. Mariana Chilton, an associate professor and director of the Center for Hunger-Free Communities at Drexel, as a community-based participatory action research project to document the complex issues surrounding food insecurity, poverty and children’s health. Chilton formed this project to ensure that parents and caregivers of young children who have experienced poverty and hunger first-hand are participating in the national dialogue on child poverty and hunger. The Witnesses – now hailing from sites in Philadelphia, across Pennsylvania, Boston, Baltimore and Camden — use digital cameras to frame the issues most important to them and their children. They use photographs and testimony to inform policymakers to make changes in their communities.
For more information about the Camden Witnesses to Hunger, view selected biographies and photos at http://www.centerforhungerfreecommunities.org/our-projects/witnesses-hunger/meet-the-real-experts.
– See more at: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/September/Witnesses-to-Hunger-Camden-Exhibit/
Originally posted on DrexelNow.
For young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), making the transition from school to the first rites of independent adult life, including a first job and a home away from home, can be particularly challenging.
Two newly published studies show precisely how stark the situation is for finding success in employment and independent living among young adults on the autism spectrum, compared to their peers with other types of disabilities. The researchers emphasize the need to strengthen services to help adolescents and young adults and their families with transition planning.
“Roughly 50,000 youth with autism will turn 18 years old this year,” said Dr. Paul T. Shattuck, an associate professor in the A.J. Drexel Autism Institute and Drexel University School of Public Health, who co-authored both studies. “So many of these young people have the potential to work and participate in their communities. Supporting this potential will benefit everyone – the person with autism, the family, employers and society.”
In the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shattuck’s team reports that young adults with autism spectrum disorders have worse employment outcomes in the first few years after high school than do peers who have other types of disabilities.
“Not only was the employment rate low for young people with ASDs when compared with young adults with other disabilities, but pay for jobs — if they got them — was significantly lower compared to young adults with other types of disabilities,” said Anne M. Roux, senior research coordinator at the A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, who led the employment study as a member of Shattuck’s research team while both were at Washington University in St. Louis.
They report that just over half (53.4 percent) of the young adults on the autism spectrum they surveyed had ever worked for pay outside the home within the first eight years after leaving high school. Only about one in five (20.9 percent) young adults with ASDs worked full-time at a current or most-recent job. Average pay was $8.10 per hour.
Employment rates, full-time employment status and average pay were substantially higher for young adults with other disabilities, including learning disabilities, emotional disturbance and speech/language impairment, compared to young adults with ASDs. The employment gap widened even farther when adjusted for differences in functional skills and conversational ability.
“The news is mixed,” Roux said. “This study highlights the particular difficulty that youth with autism are having during the transition into adulthood, especially youth from poorer households who are more likely to be disengaged from the services needed to secure and maintain a job.
“At the same time, half of young adults with an ASD did become employed, including youth with more challenging levels of impairment. This finding gives us hope for what might be possible with more effective preparation for employment, transition practices and workplace supports.”
In an independent editorial in the same journal issue, Dr. Patricia Howlin of King’s College London and the University of Sydney, wrote, “if young adults with autism miss out on this rite of passage, they risk transition into a world of social exclusion, financial hardship and significantly decreased quality of life. On the positive side, there is evidence that specialized, supported employment programs can be very helpful in assisting young people into work and in improving quality of life and even cognitive performance.”
In another study published this week in the journal Autism, members of Shattuck’s research team report that young adults on the autism spectrum are less likely to have ever lived independently after high school, than adults with other disabilities.
“This paper suggests that the years following high school are markedly different for young adults with ASDs compared to other disability categories,” said Kristy A. Anderson, a doctoral student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who led the residential status study. “Notably, young adults on the autism spectrum have higher rates of coresidency in the parental home.”
Young adults on the autism spectrum were less likely to have ever lived independently since leaving high school, compared to their peers with other disabilities. More young adults with autism lived with their parents or guardians, and for longer periods of time, than did individuals with emotional disturbance, learning disability or intellectual disability. They also had the highest rates of living in a supervised living arrangement.
Young adults with an ASD also experienced the highest rates of postsecondary residential continuity (79.1 percent).
“They are residing in the parental home at higher rates and longer time periods relative to peers with other disabilities, warranting family-based services in the years following high school exit,” Anderson said.
Despite the concurrent study on employment, the researchers found no association between having held a paying job and residential outcomes among young adults on the autism spectrum.
The analyses of employment and residential status were both products of Shattuck’s widely recognized research program examining outcomes and service use among adolescents and young adults on the autism spectrum. The needs of this age group are largely under-represented in research, even as many individuals diagnosed in childhood face a decline in available social services after they age out of the educational system.
The project involves long-term follow-up study on the outcomes of a large, nationally representative sample of young adults (National Longitudinal Transition Study—2). All of the participants were initially enrolled while receiving special education services in school; they or their parents completed regular follow-up surveys for up to 10 years after the student had completed high school.
“Many families tell us it’s like driving off a cliff when their child with autism exits high school because there just aren’t many options once they enter adulthood,” Shattuck said. “Our work highlights the enormous challenges facing this vulnerable population and their families. Experimenting with innovative solutions that can help these youth is a top priority at the A.J. Drexel Autism Institute.”
– See more at: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/September/Autism-Spectrum-Young-Adult-Transition-Studies/
Drexel News Blog The “Germ Vision” graphic from the “Don’t Wash Your Chicken” campaign illustrates how bacteria can splatter when raw poultry is washed. The “Don’t Wash Your Chicken” food safety campaign developed by Drexel researchers in collaboration with New Mexico State University has made … Continue reading Don’t Wash Your Chicken: What’s the Cluck?
Originally posted on DrexelNow.
“Don’t wash your chicken!” This dramatic exclamation punctuated with a sound of shattering glass punctuates each of four short video stories released by food safety researchers.
The sound signifies the shattering of the commonly held illusion that washing raw chicken prior to cooking is safe, or even prevents food-borne illness.
In fact, the opposite is true, according to food safety researcher Dr. Jennifer Quinlan, an associate professor at Drexel University, who helped develop the “Don’t Wash Your Chicken” campaign – available online at drexel.edu/dontwashyourchicken.
In each of the campaign’s mini-drama videos, a knowing family member – wife, granddaughter, daughter and mother – explains to a well-intentioned home cook that the common practice of rinsing raw poultry before cooking is actually unsafe. An animated “Germ-Vision” graphic then shows that washing chicken only risks splattering and spreading bacteria that then can cross-contaminate other foods and kitchen surfaces.
“You should assume that if you have chicken, you have either Salmonella or Campylobacter bacteria on it, if not both,” said Quinlan. These two bacteria, she noted, are the leading causes of food-borne illness. “If you wash it, you’re more likely to spray bacteria all over the kitchen and yourself.” Rinse water is not hot enough to kill bacteria anyway.
Quinlan, who is in the department of Nutrition Sciences in Drexel University’s College of Nursing and Health Professions, developed the campaign with graduate student Shauna Henley as an outgrowth of a USDA-funded research effort to identify and address unique food safety risks in racial and ethnic minority populations in the U.S. As they reported in the Journal of Food Protection, focus groups with consumers representing three different minority groups showed that washing raw poultry was a common unsafe practice in all the groups, with some minor cultural differences in the method of washing.
A subsequent larger survey showed the practice was common across the board. “It was slightly more in the minority population, but still an average of 90 percent of the population washes chicken,” Quinlan said.
When they found that few educational materials were available to inform people that washing raw chicken is unsafe, Quinlan and Henley worked with their collaborators at New Mexico State University’s Department of Media Productions to develop the “Don’t Wash Your Chicken” campaign.
Photonovellas developed for the “Don’t Wash Your Chicken Campaign” were half-comic, half-photo illustrated stories of families cooking chicken at home.
They started developing stories as photo novellas – half-comic, half-photo illustrated stories, a popular format for health education materials in some minority groups. But the strengths of educational media development at New Mexico State University also included video production, so the researchers kept going and produced the stories as videos with professional actors as well. In accordance with the USDA goal of encouraging home cooking and healthy nutrition, they also developed guided recipes to accompany each story.
They used all different types of chicken for the recipes to convey that no raw poultry is safe for washing: Small pieces of cut-up chicken, chicken breasts without skin, chicken parts with skin on and whole chicken were each featured in a recipe and story. And they cast and wrote the dramas to represent multiple races and ethnicities, so almost any viewer could find them relatable.
Now the video mini-dramas, video recipe demonstrations and photo novellas with recipe cards are all available online.
Quinlan wants to spread the word about the website and the “Don’t Wash Your Chicken” message far and wide, but she expects it to be a slow conversion process before people change their behavior.
People are very attached to the idea of washing raw poultry, she noted, for a variety of reasons found in the focus group study: “Some think they’re cleaning off germs. Some just want to get slime off or feel like it’s dirty,” she said. “There are a range of reasons, including just feeling like they should do it – ‘It’s raw, I should clean it.’”
Learning that washing is actually a problem is an essential first step. Quinlan estimates that public readiness to stop washing chicken is “about where thermometer usage was about 15-20 years go.” At that time, she said, “nobody owned a thermometer or thought about using one to test doneness [of cooking meat]. Now people own a thermometer, and at least some use them.”
If the campaign is successful, one glass-shattering conversation at a time, more people should learn that it’s safest if you “don’t wash your chicken.”
Don’t Wash Your Chicken website
Ask food safety experts on BarfBlog.com. Food safety experts are ready to respond to questions and comments about washing chicken if you leave a comment here.
Discussion of the response to the campaign on the Drexel News Blog
– See more at: http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/August/Dont-Wash-Your-Chicken-Food-Safety-Campaign/
Rachel Ewing 